Keywords
physiotherapy
manual therapy
therapeutic exercise
low-intensity laser
dry needling
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders affect the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated structures, causing pain and dysfunction, impacting patients' quality of life. Physiotherapy has emerged as an effective approach to treat these disorders, integrating various evidence-based therapeutic modalities. Objective: To determine the evidence-based physiotherapeutic approach for the treatment of adults with temporomandibular disorders. Methodology: A descriptive study involving a comprehensive bibliographic review of existing evidence on physiotherapeutic practices for treating temporomandibular disorders in adults was conducted. Peer-reviewed journal articles, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published between 2019 and 2024 were consulted from databases including PubMed, Medline, EbscoHost, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and ScienceDirect. Specific descriptors and keywords were used to cover the full spectrum of related conditions. Twenty-seven relevant articles were selected. Evidence levels were classified following Sackett's framework. This approach enabled a critical and systematic assessment, ensuring recommendations are based on the best available evidence. Results: Key findings indicate that manual therapy effectively reduces pain and improves mandibular function; stretching and strengthening exercises improve function and reduce pain; low-intensity laser has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects; dry needling trigger points in muscles; and combining multiple therapeutic modalities offers the best results. Collaboration between physiotherapists and dentists is crucial for comprehensive evaluation and treatment. Conclusions : Research shows that evidence-based therapeutic approaches are effective for treating temporomandibular disorders in adults. Physiotherapy, through techniques such as manual therapy, specific exercises, low-intensity laser, and dry needling, is a valuable tool for managing these disorders.
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