Palabras clave
síndrome de dolor patelofemoral
dolor anterior de rodilla
rehabilitación
fisioterapia
ejercicios terapéuticos
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: el dolor patelofemoral es una condición musculoesquelética común y crónica manifestada como dolor alrededor o detrás de la rótula durante actividades que implican carga en esta articulación. Tiene alta prevalencia en individuos físicamente activos, principalmente corredores. No hay suficiente evidencia sobre los abordajes fisioterapéuticos más efectivos ni enfocados en corredores. Se realiza este artículo de revisión con el fin de analizar los abordajes fisioterapéuticos del dolor patelofemoral en corredores para aportar a un protocolo clínico de rehabilitación. Metodología: estudio bibliográfico tipo monografía, basado en artículos publicados en Pubmed, EBSCOhost, SCiELO, Google Académico y PEDro, en inglés y español, de no más de 20 años de publicados, utilizando descriptores relacionados con biomecánica, causas y abordaje fisioterapéutico del dolor patelofemoral en corredores. Se utilizaron 44 artículos, dentro de los que destacan metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados. Resultados: las alteraciones biomecánicas en miembros inferiores son la principal causa del dolor patelofemoral. Algunas pautas clínicas incluyen ejercicio terapéutico, reeducación del gesto de carrera y tratamientos complementarios, siendo el ejercicio el más respaldado por la evidencia. Es indispensable incluir ejercicios combinados para musculatura rotadora externa, abductora de cadera y cuádriceps – sin enfocarse excesivamente en la activación selectiva del músculo vasto medial oblicuo –junto con el reentrenamiento de carrera técnica. Los tratamientos complementarios abarcan entrenamiento neuromuscular, vendaje y órtesis; de estos, la evidencia no respalda su uso como tratamiento de elección o principal. Conclusiones: el tratamiento de dolor patelofemoral en corredores debe incluir ejercicio terapéutico, reentrenamiento del gesto deportivo y tratamientos complementarios. El ejercicio terapéutico es la intervención esencial y de primera elección.
Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2024 Jose Daniel Quirós-Lynch, Verónica María Ramírez-Cambronero, Luz Marina Castro-Mora, Anthony García-Marín